Counterfeit medicines, including substandard, falsified, untested, unregistered and unlicensed drugs, represent a public risk well known to health organizations worldwide. Trade in counterfeits has been estimated at US$75 – 200 billion annually, reaching up to 30% of the market in certain countries. More importantly, counterfeits are associated with hundreds of thousands of deaths per year; a recent report quotes 250,000 child deaths per year from fake medicines. Counterfeits cover the spectrum of medicines, both prescription and OTC, as well as different forms of medical devices and surgical instruments and a range of consumer products. In many cases, counterfeit or fake, products are indistinguishable to patients, consumers and healthcare professionals, so detection by specialists is needed. Counterfeit medicines and consumer health products are readily available today in many countries, especially online, and are typically offered at attractive price points, luring buyers with what appears to be “a good deal.”